The cause of conicity effect of tyres and its impact on the automotive driving function are described.

To study the equivalent thickness,and effects of superposition throttle slices to damper characteristics,the bending deformation is analyzed at the throttle mouth radius r_k,and the equivalent thickness formula deduced.

An equivalent thickness conception is proposed to consider the crack closure effects and the three-dimensional stress constraints along the crack front by use of the theory obtained for the straight through thickness crack.

Through finite element analysis on point-supported midhollow glass with various thicknesses,the value of equivalent thickness of mid-hollow glass given in Technical Specification for Point Supported Glass Curtain Wall is revised and corresponding revised coefficient is given.

The rotation angle superposition method withequivalent stiffness forsolving continuous beam;

It deduced the belt equivalent stiffness and studied its non-linear property.

Equivalent stretch elastic modulus E,sound reflection R and transmission coefficient T are calculated by the method of equivalent stiffness and transfer matrix separately.

The concept of equivalent hardness characteristic was put forward,and its quantific.

Three-order function was deduced between equivalent crown and shifting position.

Compared with PC mill,the adjusting device of single roll cross mill can be reduced by 50 % It simplifies mill construction and decreases equipment investment cost This thesis provides roll equivalent crown formula of single roll cross rolling and an analysis of i

The ways to determine the equivalent crown of the CVC roll were found imperfect in earlier works,which caused the inaccurate curve in designing CVC rolls.