1) alternatives to incarceration

拘禁替代性措施
1.
In order to reduce the rapidly increased prison population,Canada offers alternatives to incarceration for offenders at various stages of the criminal justice process,making the number of offenders in community much more than that in prison.
为了减少迅速增长的监狱人口数量,加拿大在刑事司法程序的不同阶段,广泛实施各种切实可行的拘禁替代性措施,处于社区矫正的罪犯人数明显超过监禁人数,其社区矫正工作已取得法律、经济、社会三重实效。
2) substitutive measure

代替性措施
1.
The system of bail pending trial and living under surveillance are two main substitutive measures of detention,With the comparative study,this article attempts to discuss the the oretical foundation of the substitutive measure of pretrial detention,the author make suggestions of the reform of the substitutive measure of pretrial detention system.
本文在考察国外实践做法的基础上,分析了审前羁押代替性措施的法理基础,并通过研究我国审前羁押代替性措施存在的诸多问题,提出构建与完善我国审前羁押代替性措施的几点建议。
3) the Substitute Measures

替代性措施
4) alternative remedy measures

替代性救济措施
1.
Whereas, the stipulation is general and the lack of alternative remedy measures may bring detriment to a small part of business partners unfairly and under certain circumstances.
但应看到,该规定仍过于概括,尤其是替代性救济措施的缺失,在某些情况下可能造成对少数股东的不公平损害。
6) the alternative penalty

替代刑措施
补充资料:拘禁性精神病
拘禁性精神病
prison psychosis
拘禁性精神病(p rison psyehosis)监禁条件下出现的精神病。对此看法不一。比恩鲍姆(B lrnbaum,1908)认为,监禁特别是单独禁闭可以导致偏执性精神病,当与其他犯人共居一室时症状即可消失。埃廷格尔(Etinger,1960)报告偏执状态在战俘中并不少见,但费尔格曼(Faergeman,一963)发现集中营里这种情况是罕见的。甘塞尔(G anser,1898)首先在犯人中发现一种罕见的甘塞尔综合征。后来发现它不仅限于犯人中。临床特点有四:即给予“近似回答’表现瘾症性精神或躯体症状、幻觉和意识模糊。“近似回咎,是指病人对问话似乎理解,但对简单的问题回答有明显的错误,如回答鸡有三条腿,二加二等于五。有人认为这是瘾症的一种表现。怀特洛克(W hitloek,1961)则认为这是一种特殊的精神病。如出现意识模糊和幻觉时,应注意排除器质性精神障碍。 (赵亚忠撰刘协和审)
说明:补充资料仅用于学习参考,请勿用于其它任何用途。
参考词条