The Tongshi (通事) and Tongshi Armies in the Song and Yuan Dynasty;

There were Tiduzhushi,Dashi,Fushi,Tongshi and other staff and service people.

Both as a major foreign language of Chinese Tongshi (interpreter/translator or linguist) and as an important means by which the Qing court held diplomatic, cultural, educational and trade exchanges with Western powers, English began to be formally transmitted into China around the Opium War period, and its effect turned to be exceptionally enormous during 1840-1919.

With the more approach to the Han and the more contacts with the Han, the interpreter was accepted by the government, and its jurisdiction and authority was gradually strengthened and expanded.

In the late Ming Dynasty, as the Sino-western trade had becoming more frequent, the interpreters who differed from the traditional ones appeared in Macao and Guangzhou.

Diagnosis and treatment of duodenum injuries caused by traffic accidents;

Advances in research on relativity analysis of alcohol and traffic accidents;

Grey Forecasting Model of economic loss caused by traffic accidents;

Mechanics program on the complicated road accident;

In the cases of compensation for human trauma in road accidents,if the victim is also responsible for the trauma,the misconduct offset should be applied.

mapInfo-based system design about traffic incident information dynamic display;

The transfer function-noise models used in analysis of traffic incident influencing;

Study on Detection Algorithm of Traffic Incidents and Detectors Distribution of Freeway;