The surface roughness coefficients of 11 typical stands were quantified by using the Manning Formula for field experiments during the year 2002 and 2003 in Xiangshuixi watershed, Three Gorges Region,at Jiangjin City of Chongqing Municipality.

Research about effect of soil physical properties on the variation of surface roughness under the condition of rainfall;

As one of the major indexes to reflect surface micro-relief and physical characteristic,surface roughness has important effect on the hydrological and hydraulic characteristic.

After a review of the ways of measures and calculations on the surface roughness,the methods of D.

Effects of soil surface roughness on runoff and sediment discharges with laboratory experiments;

Splash erosion effects of tillage practices on soil surface roughness under different rainfall conditions

Results showed that soil surface roughness can increase depression st.

On the basis of the analysis of the studies on roughness on sloping farmland,the advances in the research of roughness on sloping farmland were reviewed from the aspects of the definition, effecting factors, measuring methods and erosive effect.

Based on the in -lab tests and the field measurements,a practical and reliable method for measuring gound surface roughness is given and effect of roughness upon the laws of runoff state, runoff velocity, runoff quantities and erosion quantities on the slope surface were studied through observations and measuements of surface runoff under different roughnesses in labs.