To enclose the equation, the inertia effect, the crossing trajectories effect and the continuity effect of particle dispersion must be taken into account in the model.

3-D numerical analysis of settlement of City Wall of Ming Dynasty of Jiu-huashan tunnel traversing position;

The paper puts forward the FAHP method to determine the pipeline crossing program instead of AHP method,and considers the FAHP method as simpler than the latter.

The pipeline crossing project has the features of long distance,steep slope and complicated circumstances.

s By taking the pipeline crossing as a practice example,the writer expounded the principle &method of earthless cofferdam technique and introduced the determination method of cofferdam location,skeleton structure of cofferdam,lay down of support board &waterproofing measure etc.