These concepts include crossing-over value, recombination frequency, genetic map distance, sytenic genes, linked genes, sex-linked inheritance, sex-limited inheritance, sex-control inheritan.

The present paper is dealing with a simple method to correct the distance of linked genes in tetrad analysis in Neurospora crassa.

In this paper ,the concepts as JSS gene and JSS chromosome and so on are given on the base of the mathematical model of Job shop scheduling; then, JSS linked gene coding method is discussed in detail.

A promising genetic marker, sag5b, was cloned and expressed and the difference of the genes between highly virulent strain (RH) and less virulent strain(Prugniaud) of Toxoplasma gondii was compared.

Differentiated vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) are characterized as expression of specific marker genes, elongated and spindle-shaped morphology and the ability to contract in response to agonist stimulation.

The results indicated that the sd-t gene was linked to the marker genes Prp-b (Purple pericap b).

Effects of insulin on proliferation and differentiation of preadipocytes were analyzed by MTT and oil red O staining,and mRNA expression levels of fatty acid synthase(FAS) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase α(ACC1) genes,which were marker genes of differentiated adipocyte,were analyzed by semiquantitative RT-PCR.