Through reconstructing the basic argumem of extemalismabout mental content and comparing different versions of direct refer-ence theories, the purpose of this paper is to show that the main the-sis of extemalism is in fact independent of that of direct referencetheory.

This paper discusses the usage of the addressing words in Laoshe s drama,and divides the addressing words into direct addressing words and indirect addressing words from different perspectives,at the same time,a simple comparison is conducted through the structure features of the echoing words,whereas,in different context,the addressing words have its own uniqueness.

In this paper,we classify investor sentiment index,which has been used in studies both domestic and abroad,into two categories: the first one is direct index,which is acquired directly by surveying investors,the other one is indirect index,which is calculated by relevant data that can reflect investors psychology.