As a meditation method taught by Sakyamuni the Buddha, catvari smrty-upasthanani is a way of practice to which the Mahayana Buddhism and Hinayana Buddhism both attach great importance for its everlasting vitality and wide adaptability.

The conceptual study is the core problem of the study on the ancient books digitalization, and probing into the establishment of the concept of ancient books digitalization can make the concept of ancient books digitalization clearer.

The development of the concept research mainly show in seven aspects such as the extensive recognition develop ment and the internal meaning of the Modern Chinese phonetic ect.

Since the mid-20th century,researchers of psychology have witnessed a shift from \'outsiders\' to \'players\' in their research concept,which is actually effected by the development of psychology.