The water-soluble phase gold is prevalent in the arid climat-ic zone of northern China,suggesting that gold in the supergene medium of gold deposits of this natural landscape region is markedly soluble and migrates in the .

Departing from the "exchange of the positions of Metal and Fire" ,FANG Yi-zhi deepened the knowledge of propositions that fire is valued as the governor of the Five Elements and that Metal produces Water",forming a comparatively systematic overall new concept.

Multidiscipline and process integration of nonaqueous biocatalysis;