【Methods】The clinical data of 26 patients with retained hemothorax who underwent VATS between August 2005 and September 2008 were reviewed.

[Objective] To evaluate the diagnostic value of thoracoscopy to the blood pleural effusion under local anesthesia.

The combination effectiveness of thrombin,lyophized nocardiarubra-cell wall skeleton,vindesine and cisplatine on patients with bloody malignant pleural effusion;