At last, we explained this way through introducing how to realize a complex spatial query, which includes topological relations and directional relations at the same time, using the model of binary topological relations and the model of symbolic spatial indexes.

Then a methodology to identify the counterpart elements based on the fuzzy classification of topological relationship is illustrated, which applies the concept of morphologic distance between areas introduced by Winter and the concept of fuzzy topological relationship theory.

A method of setting up topological relations for objects with broad boundary;

The study of topological relation between linear-area object and geometric metrics;

The automatic topological relation generating algorithm based on examination;

Study on Topological Relationship and Spatial Reasoning in GIS;

A method for creating topological relationship among the constituent patches of compound surface is addressed.

In order to implement Boolean operations on open or closed mesh models with different complexities correctly,a new algorithm for 3D mesh model by using Boolean operations is presented,which is based on the orientability of manifold meshes and the topological relationship of the meshes.