Based on the relation between authority domain and risk-aversion for decision maker,the inverse related model between authority domain and the degree of risk-aversion for decision maker was established.

In studying the interrelationship between sectors,forward linkage and backward linkage of Input-output analysis are generally used,while the result is the direct or complete relationship between one section and another,and the production chains linkage of multiple sectors are not highlighted.

Study the Government Specific Measures to Create Backward Linkages in Transnational Corporation;

A Study on Pomoting Backward Linkage between Foreign Affiliates and Hebei Enterprises;

The Study on Impact Mechanism of Backward Linkages to Local Enterprises' Innovation Capability of FDI

The policies choice by host country to promoting backward linkages in international investment;

This paper, based on a survey on multinationals in Beijing,tries to analysis the extend of backward linkages through investigating the purchasing sources,the choosing criteria,etc.

In contrast to earlier literature,which focused on intra-industry spillovers from FDI,this study aims to investigate technology spillovers operating through backward linkages.