At 13:00,the photosynthetic rate of open center shape peach was significantly higher than that of spindle peach,and at the other time there was no significant difference between them.

The natural open centre model improved spring shoot and autumn shoot s length,the ratio of fruit setting, yield,quality,the content of SSC,carbohydrate, Vc compared with CK, Pengna navel orange s fruit setting increased 6 44%, yield increased 80% and Niuheer navel orange .

The relationship between the dynamic distribution of the microclimate (including radiation, temperature and relative humidity) in tree canopy and the types of branches and leaves as well as the fruit quality was studied by using 12-year Red Fuji apple orchard trained as Standard open center shape.

5 m three-dimensional boxes and determined physiological and ecological indicators in each box of three different shapes (Small and sparse canopy shape, Freedom spindle shape, Low stem and open center shape) in 12-year-old Fuji apple orchard.

A comparative study on the three open-center shape plant characteristics,photo flux distribution,and photosynthesis P.

Branch quantity,branch composition,leaf area index and illumination condition of single-layer high-position open-center system in“Xiangling”walnut at different ages are determined.