This paper studies the reason from the utility angle,and pays special attention to analysing the utility of insurance,comparative utility,non-insurance substitute products utility which few people have studied,people s active and passive consumer preferences when they buy insurance,and has made an explanation from a new visual angle for the inadequate insurance consciousness of Chinese people.

Because of sinking cost and the existence of quitting obstacles, technical innovations of developed countries and advanced enterprises influenced by substitution effects and efficiency effects show conservative and lagging.

This paper analyzes the stimulation intensity using the game theory, and also studies the substitution effects of kinds of stimulation methods.

The relationship between individual income tax and labour supply shows 3 parts in the following: income effects, substitution effects and the influence for labour structure.

Study on the Relationship between Substitution Effect of Electronic Money and Money Supply

First,this article discusses peculiarties and relationships between solutions of maximum and minimum models;then separates the substitution effect and income effect of goods from each other with linear utility.

The author affords some thought about whether science and technology progress should involve system factor,returns to scale economy and substitution effect.

In this paper a calculating method of supersedure effect is advanced in terms of per unitary labour and according to different kinds of farm machinery management.

The results show that the effect of Foreign Direct Investment(FDI) on R&D expenditures is not remarkable;and that funds expenditures of technology import have a substitute effect on R&D expenditures,while the sum of imports and exports of high-tech products is the most important influence factor of R&D expenditures.

This paper examines the substitute effect among various corporate governance mechanisms in small-and-medium-sized financial institutions by using the survey data of SMS commercial banks in Shandong Province.

And this is the integrated result of the income effect and substitute effect of interest tax in China s market economy environment.